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Quick TrainerBiological Macromolecules
Master the structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Science36 items3 levelsDifficulty 3/5
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1
Basics
8 items
2
Structure & Monomers
14 items
3
Advanced
14 items
All 36 cards
What are the four major classes of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Which macromolecule is the main source of quick energy?
Carbohydrates
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
Which macromolecule makes up enzymes?
Proteins
Which macromolecule is the main component of cell membranes?
Lipids
What element, besides C, H, and O, is found in all proteins?
Nitrogen
What type of reaction joins monomers by removing water?
Dehydration synthesis
What type of reaction breaks polymers using water?
Hydrolysis
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acid
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
How many different amino acids are commonly used to build proteins?
20
What bond links two amino acids together?
Peptide bond
What bond links two monosaccharides together?
Glycosidic bond
What is the most common monosaccharide and primary cellular fuel?
Glucose
What polysaccharide do plants use to store energy?
Starch
What polysaccharide do animals use to store energy?
Glycogen
What structural polysaccharide forms plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
What type of lipid has three fatty acids attached to glycerol?
Triglyceride
Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?
Solid
What lipid is a precursor for steroid hormones and is found in membranes?
Cholesterol
What lipid type makes up the membrane bilayer?
Phospholipid
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
The head
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
The tails
What level of protein structure is the amino acid sequence?
Primary structure
What two secondary structures form from hydrogen bonding in proteins?
Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
What term describes a protein losing its shape due to heat or pH?
Denaturation
Which two nucleotide bases are purines?
Adenine and guanine
Which nucleotide bases are pyrimidines in DNA?
Cytosine and thymine
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
In DNA, adenine pairs with which base?
Thymine
In DNA, guanine pairs with which base?
Cytosine
What base replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil
What disaccharide is table sugar (glucose + fructose)?
Sucrose
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